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Aggikkhandhopama Sutta

Taught by the Buddha while touring in Kosala with a large following of monks, the sight of a blazing fire being made the occasion for the discourse. It were better for a man to seek shelter in, embrace and lie down upon the raging flames than to live in the guise of a monk and accept the alms of the faithful while being guilty of evil conduct (A.iv.128 f). It is said that while the discourse was being taught sixty monks vomited hot blood, sixty left the Order in diffidence and sixty others became Arahants (A.iv.135). The Commentary adds that the Buddha foresaw this result, and that later many of the monks, hearing of the discourse and fearing dire consequences for themselves, returned to the lay-life in such large numbers that the Order became rapidly depleted.

It was to counteract this result that the Cūḷaccharāsaṅghāta Sutta was taught (AA.i.38‑40).

This sutta is mentioned as an example of a discourse based on some immediate experience, in this case, a fire (MA.i.14; also AA.i.32, 267). It was taught by Mahinda in Sri Lanka, in the Nandana pleasance, on the day the Mahāmeghavana was gifted to the Saṅgha (Mhv.xv.176; Mbv.133); and also by Yonaka Dhammarakhita, in Aparantaka (Mhv.xii.34; Mbv.114).

The vomiting of hot blood, mentioned here, is made the subject of a dilemma in the Milindapañha (p.164).